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اثر 8 هفته تمرین استقامتی بر غلظت سرمی واسپین و مقاومت انسولینی زنان چاق و دارای اضافه وزن
چکیده
واسپین، یک آدیپوکین جدید است که از بافت چربی ترشح میشود. تغییرات متابولیکی ناشی از آن تاثیر مهمی بر بافت چربی، عضله، کبد و التهاب دارد و با بیماریهای سندرم متابولیک، ديابت و قلبي- عروقی ارتباط دارد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، تأثیر 8 هفته تمرین استقامتی بر غلظت سرمی واسپین و مقاومت انسولینی در زنان چاق و دارای اضافه وزن است.
در پژوهش حاضر با توجه به اينکه از نمونههاي انساني استفاده شد و کنترل تمامي عوامل مخل هنگام مطالعه روي انسانها غير ممکن ميباشد، بنابراین پژوهش از نوع نيمه تجربي است که با طرح پيش آزمون و پس آزمون اجرا گردید. در ابتدا تمام آزمودني ها پرسشنامه ارزيابي پزشكي را تكميل نموده و به منظور ملاحظات اخلاقي تمام مراحل پژوهش به اطلاع آزمودني ها رسانده شد و سپس رضايت نامه كتبي براي حضور در برنامه دريافت گردید.
آزمودني ها یک هفته پيش از آغاز تمرينات با نحوه اجراي و چگونگي انجام برنامه ي تمريني آشنا شدند. در جلسه اول و آخر تمرین بعد از 12 ساعت ناشتایی نمونه خونی اول حالت استراحتی قبل از شروع دوره تمرینی و نمونه خونی دوم 48 ساعت پس از اتمام آخرین جلسه دوره تمرین از سياهرگ بازويي روي آرنج گرفته می شود. سپس نمونه های خونی جمع آوری شده به مدت 15 دقيقه با سرعت 3000 دور در دقيقه سانتريفيوژ شد و سرم ها جدا و در دماي 80- سانتي گراد نگهداري می شود. از روش ELISA برای اندازه گيري واسپین سرمي استفاده شده است. در بخش آمار استنباطي از آزمون کولموگروف اسميرنوف نيز براي تعيين نحوه توزيع داده ها استفاده شد که نتايج اين آزمون طبيعي بودن توزيع دادهها را نشان داد. داده های واسپین سرم با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل کواریارنس یک طرفه در سطح آلفا 05/0 ارزیابی شدند. جهت تجزيه و تحليل داده ها از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه ي 18 استفاده گردید.
نتایج نشان داد که به دنبال 8 هفته تمرین هوازی سطوح واسپین در گروه تمرینی به طور معناداری نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش داشته است و همچنین مقاومت به انسولین به معناداری در گروه تمرین کرده نسبت به کنترل کاهش معناداری داشته است
با توجه با اثرات مفید واسپین در کاهش انواع بیماریها و کاهش مقاومت به انسولین و افزایش معنادار آن در این مطالعه، میتوان سومند بودن تمرینات هوازی را برای افراد چاق و دارای اضافه وزن پیشنهاد کرد
کلمات کلیدی:
واسپین، تمرین استقامتی، مقاومت انسولین، زنان چاق.
فهرست مطالب
فصل دوم: مبانی نظری و پیشینه پژوهش… 12
2-3-1 تاریخچهای مختصر درباره آدیپوکینها 15
2-3-2 آدیپوکینها و مقاومت به انسولین.. 17
2-3-8 مکانیسم تولید واسپین.. 22
2-3-9 سطح واسپین و عملیات بیولوژیکی در روشهای تجربی.. 24
2-3-10 سطح واسپین و عملیات بیولوژیکی در انسان. 25
2-3-11 انتشار واسپین حاصل از فشار ورزش اکسیداتیو. 26
2-3-12 القای واسپین مصرف غذا را کاهش و سوخت و ساز گلوکز را بهبود میبخشد. 27
2-3-13 مطالعه مداخله واسپین در کاهش وزن. 28
2-3-14 غلظت سرم واسپین در چاقی و بیماریهای متابولیک.. 29
2-3-15 غلظت سرم واسپین در بیماریهای قلبی- عروقی.. 30
2-3-16 واسپین در بیماری هپاتیت مزمن C. 31
2-3-17 واسپین و تفاوتهای جنسی.. 32
2-3-18 واسپین در بیماری سندرم تخمدان پلیکیستیک.. 33
2-5 جمع بندی و نتیجه گیری.. 45
3-4-2-2 مقاومت به انسولین.. 48
3-5 وسایل و ابزار اندازهگیری.. 48
3-5-4 ترازوی استاندارد پزشکی SECA، برای اندازهگیری وزن، ساخت کشور آلمان. 48
3-5-5 دستگاه قدسنج، برای اندازهگیری قد آزمودنیها 48
3-5-6 کالیپرSkin Fold Harpenden، مدل RH15 9LB با دقت 2/0 میلیمترساخت کشورانگلیس… 48
3-5-7 ضربان سنج Beurer ساخت کشور آلمان. 48
3-7 روشهای جمعآوری اطلاعات.. 49
3-7-3 نحوة اندازه گیری وزن. 49
3-7-4 نحوه اندازه گیری ترکیب بدنی.. 50
3-7-5 نحوة اندازه گیری ضربان قلب هدف.. 50
3-9 تجزیه و تحلیل آزمایشگاهی.. 51
فصل چهارم: نتایج و یافته ها 52
4-2 ویژگیهای اولیه آزمودنیها 53
4-3 بررسی طبیعی بودن توزیع دادههای مورد اندازه گیری.. 53
4-6 آمار توصيفي متغيرهاي پژوهش… 56
فصل پنجم : بحث و نتیجه گیری.. 61
5-2-1 تاثیر فعالیت ورزشی بر هورمون واسپین.. 62
5-3 تاثیر فعالیت ورزشی مقاومت به انسولین.. 65
5-4 -1 تغییرات واسپین بعد از 8 هفته تمرین در پژوهشهای مشابه 67
5-4-2 تغییرات مقاومت به انسولین بعد از 8 هفته تمرین در پژوهشهای مشابه 68
5-5-1- پیشنهادهای برخاسته از پژوهش… 68
فهرست جداول
عنوان صفحه
جدول 4-2 بررسی طبیعی بودن توزیع دادهها قبل از تمرین و پس از تمرین. 54
جدول 4-3 مقادیر واسپین در قبل و بعد از تمرین هوازی (میانگین ± انحراف معیار). 54
جدول 4- 4 میزان مقاومت به انسولین قبل و بعد از دوره تمرین هوازی (میانگین ± انحراف معیار). 55
جدول4-5 میانگین و انحراف استاندارد متغیر وزن، چگالی ، BMI در قبل و بعد تمرین هوازی.. 56
جدول 4-6 آزمون t -همبسته برای مقایسه وزن افراد شرکت کننده در قبل و بعد از تمرین هوازی.. 57
جدول 4-7 آزمون t -همبسته برای مقایسه چگالی افراد شرکت کننده در قبل و بعد از تمرین هوازی.. 58
جدول 4-8 آزمون t -همبسته برای مقایسه BMI افراد شرکت کننده در قبل و بعد ازتمرین هوازی .. 60
فهرست اشکال
عنوان صفحه
شکل 2-1: آدیپوکینها و تاثیرات آن ( 34) 17
شکل 2-3: هورمون واسپین (40) 24
شکل 2-4: عملکردهای واسپین (50) 25
شکل 2-5: عملکرد واسپین در کاهش غذا و بهبود گلوکز خون (34) 28
فهرست نمودارها
عنوان صفحه
نمودار4-1 مقدار واسپین قبل و بعد از دوره تمرین هوازی.. 55
نمودار4-2 میزان مقاومت به انسولین قبل و بعد از دوره تمرین هوازی. 56
نمودار4-3 مقایسه میانگین متغیر وزن، چگالی ، BMI در قبل و بعد تمرین هوازی.. 57
نمودار 4-4 مقایسه میانگین متغیر وزن در قبل و بعد تمرین هوازی.. 58
نمودار 4-5 مقایسه میانگین متغیر چگالی در قبل و بعد تمرین هوازی.. 59
نمودار 4-6 مقایسه BMI افراد شرکت کننده در قبل و بعد از تمرین هوازی.. 60
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